[5,8,9, ... Kulshrestha et al [8] had also observed in their study that 88% affected females belonged to Hindus, followed by 10.25% Muslims and 1.7% Sikhs. The trend in present India, with its booming economy, is now encouraging ever-higher bride prices among all socioeconomic strata. In this context, the present paper examines the trend of the mortality in the form of dowry deaths and dowry-related suicides from India. The main location of incidence of dowry death was in-laws house followed by husband's house totaling 523 cases. ... Burns as a major cause of death in females was also concluded by other authors in their study. Since time immemorial we have seen so many offences against women, where they are tortured and one such offence is dowry death. Section 304-B of Indian Penal Code, 1860 defines “Dowry Death” and it states that if the death of a woman is caused under 7 years of her marriage under normal circumstances, and if there is enough evidence to prove that woman was subjected to some kind of cruelty or harassment by her husband or any of his relatives while demanding dowry, such death would come under the category of “Dowry Death”. A total of 569 alleged dowry death cases were recorded during the study period in Allahabad range, which included districts of Allahabad, Fatehpur and Pratapgalrh. The tradition of dowry was originated in ancient India, and it was generally provided to enable a woman to support her in crisis, and also to support her husband and children if needed. I’m dating you doesn’t mean you can date rape me. Dowry is paid in the form of cash and goods such as jewellery, household appliances and cars to the bridegroom or his parents by the bride’s family. In addition, phosphine and hydrogen peroxide can interact to form the highly reactive hydroxyl radical and phosphine also inhibits catalase and peroxidase; both mechanisms result in hydroxyl radical associated damage such as lipid peroxidation. Husbands and his relatives were primarily responsible for killing or forcing the victim to end her life. In this paper all such variables are discussed. Section 2 of The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 defines “Dowry” as any property or valuable security given or agreed to be given either directly or indirectly between the concerned parties before or after the marriage as a consideration for the same. Metabolic acidosis, or mixed metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis, and acute renal failure are frequent. Age & its medicolegal importance 1. Moreover, it was held by the court that the expression “soon before her death” present in Section 304-B of Indian Penal Code, 1860 is present with the ides of proximity test. Offences committed under Section 304-B and 498-A are non-bailable offence which makes difficult for the accused person to get bail, and courts remain careful while granting bail in cases relating to dowry death. The wife was entitled to her dowry at her husband's death. Deaths of medico-legal importance may be classified for practical purposes by the way in which the tissue anoxia is initiated. Some rights clearly do conflicts, and a hierarchy must be established at some point. Baldev Singh v State of Punjab AIR 2009 SC 913. Accidental burn was most common cause of death and most common manner of death was suicide (47.98%) followed by accident (42.07%) and homicide (9.95%). Testimony means only such evidence as is delivered by a witness on the trial of a cause, either orally or in the form of affidavits or depositions. Vijay v State of Maharashtra AIR 2009 SC 1217, An Infinite Battle-The Ruchika Girhotra Case. The major lethal consequence of phosphide ingestion, profound circulatory collapse, is secondary to factors including direct effects on cardiac myocytes, fluid loss, and adrenal gland damage. Death due to thermal burns is a burning topic all over the globe. A medico legal expert should never forget: If the death scene investigation is not performed before the autopsy, that autopsy will be an imperfect autopsy. Illiterate, issueless Hindu housewives of lower socio-economic class were the worst affected. 2016. The forensic medicine expert should visit the death scene before the autopsy if it is possible. Dowry death. No medical Professional is allowed to advertise in any way which invites attention to his professional position, skill, associations, affiliations, honors or such character that would ordinarily result in his self aggrandizements. Forensic Importance; Kerala Registration of Birth and Death Rules, 1999 1999 It contains the approved form for Medical Certification of Cause of Death The Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 Courts and their powers, Summons. 472 cases compared to nuclear family and incidence was more in arranged marriage. A Dowry (Dahej) is the transfer or a gift of parental property which is made during the lifetime of the grantor (parents) to a daughter at her marriage rather than the inheritance of the property which shall take place on the event of owner’s (parents) death. Mostly young, Hindu married, non graduate of low and lower-middle class families were involved. Quarrel with husband/ in-laws and dowry demand by husband or his family members were two important reasons behind suicidal as well as homicidal deaths. He has to investigate every dowry death case with consideration of both Fields marked with an asterisk (*) are required. The main location of incidence of dowry death was in-laws house followed by husband's house totaling 523 cases. These two sections play a very important role while deciding the case pertaining to the issue of dowry death, along with Section 300 and 299 which are related to the issue of “Culpable Homicide” and “Murder”. The most common cause of death was burns followed by poisoning. Murder and Culpable homicide become important to consider because in cases pertaining to the issue of “Dowry Death”, death of a woman is caused and it is very important to relate that death with these provision so as to decide whether the deceased was murdered or not. Besides, an improvement in educational cum employment potentials and overall socio-economic status of women are the prime measures to check this social scourge. Magistrate inquest in dowry death In dowry deaths, investigating officer plays a very important role to bring out justice as well as on other hand to save the husband or in laws if at all they are not guilty for the offence and are falsely being caught up in trap. This epidemiological study conducted in Allahabad range for a period of 4 years (1995 - 1998) analyzed involvement of various parameters and their relevance to medico-legal aspect of dowry death cases. It is for this purpose that the relevance of evidence in such cases becomes more important. Despite the enormous impact of dowries on women's health, little information is available in public health literature. Throughout most of India's history, women have been targeted as unimportant, burdensome, and disposable. One such point was decided by the Supreme Court in Baldev Singh v State of Punjab AIR 2009 SC 913, where the meaning of the term “agreement” as mentioned in Section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 was interpreted by the court. Antemortem and Potmortem Inuries, Medico-legal aspects of injuries. PERSONAL IDENTITY 2. Death because of dowry is a very serious crime, but court are also careful while examining such cases because the punishment prescribed for dowry death is very severe and it would be highly unjustifiable to punish the person who is not involved in such crime. "Whoever commits dowry death shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than seven years but which may extend to imprisonment of life." A total of 117 cases were studied. Jaypee publishers. 59% of the total deaths were accidental in, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. She would like to a happy married life. To cover a identity of a person for medico legal purpose on the basis of race, religion ,age ,sex, dactylography, odontology , DNA profiling. ... [6] Age wise incidences of female deaths were maximum (35%) in their 3 rd decade of life in our study as compared to both extremes of life, which is consistent with other authors. Death because of dowry is a very serious crime, but court are also careful while examining such cases because the punishment prescribed for dowry death is very severe and it would be highly unjustifiable to punish the person who is not involved in such crime. This legislation marked the inception of an evolution leading to development of a legal infrastructure which effectively monitored the exchange and facilitation of exchange of dowry. The Indian Penal Code was also modified in 1983 to establish specific crimes of dowry-related cruelty, dowry death, and abetment of suicide. The Indian Evidence Act 1872 1. This is consistent with the findings of other authors. [1,4,5,7,8,9, This study was carried out between July 1998 and November 2000 to study the dynamics of dowry deaths in South Delhi. Schedule 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 provides a list of non-bailable offences and there are approximately 222 offences which come under the category of “non-bailable offence”. On the other hand, there is some National Law and now an International law, a Right to adequate health. A Study of Epidemiological Profile of Dowry Death Victims in Aligarh, The Study of Un-Natural Female Deaths in Vadodara City, Editorial: Unethical advertisements and role of IMA, Correlation of CT Scan with Postmortem findings of Acute Head Trauma cases at SMS Hospital, Jaipur, Study of Unnatural Deaths in Married Females Within Seven Years of Marriage in Allahabad, Thermal injuries - A study of mortality patterns. India reports the highest total number of dowry deaths with … Acute poisoning with these compounds may be direct due to ingestion of the salts or indirect from accidental inhalation of phosphine generated during their approved use. In Vijay v State of Maharashtra AIR 2009 SC 1217, it was alleged by the counsel of the state that a ring and money was demanded by the deceased, and that she informed this to her parents through a letter but there was no mention of money in the letter. Click here to hide this advertisement for 24 hours, legaljunction has not set their biography yet. Such a way of ending life is peculiarly common in our country. And deserve to be a dignified status in society. Presumptions as to abetment of Suicide by married women; dowry death; absence of consent in certain procecutions of rape. While phosphine does inhibit cytochrome C oxidase in vitro, the inhibition is much less in vivo. There is usually only a short interval between ingestion of phosphides and the appearance of systemic toxicity. 57% of the victims died in initial three years of marriage, indicating possible maladjustment and strenuous relationship between husband and wife or that with in-laws. All these are worn out by the cruel hands of dowry-related deaths. The most vulnerable age group was 18-32 years comprising of 87.87% of all recorded alleged dowry deaths. Supreme reversed High Court’s order and acquitted the accused on the ground that evidence present by the counsel didn’t mention money. In such cases, it is often essential to determine antemortem versus postmortem burning. Sinha et al. The association of various demographic and socio-economic factors with these events are also examined. Even though dowry has been illegal in India since 1961, it is still prevalent. As per point 6.1, Chapter 6 of the Indian Medical Council (Professional Conducts, Ethics & Etiquette) Regulations 2002, advertisement has been defined under Unethical Acts. The article discusses the methods to be used in medicolegal investigations of burn deaths, summarizes statistics gleaned from police records of deaths by burning, especially those of 16- to 25-year-old newly married women, criticizes the blind acceptance of dying declarations by the courts, and highlights the magnitude of these problems. It may include cash, jewellery, electrical … PDF | Fire was perhaps man's first double-edged sword, for throughout history, it has served as well destroyed mankind. To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the authors. The important contributing factors responsible for a rising trend in dowry death cases include level of education in women, joint family, unemployment of husband, dependence of women on husband and in-laws, infidelity etc. impact of this training have permeated the not -well -to-do individuals of the general public a:s well, even the individuals who encounter International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue 1684. INTRA-UTERINE LIFEINTRA-UTERINE LIFE:-:- 4-8 WEEKS-----ORGANOGENESIS4-8 WEEKS-----ORGANOGENESIS 26 WEEKS-----VIABILITY26 WEEKS-----VIABILITY 40 WEEKS-----FULL TERM BIRTH40 WEEKS-----FULL TERM BIRTH These periods are of importance because inThese periods are of importance … Aluminium and zinc phosphides are highly effective insecticides and rodenticides and are used widely to protect grain in stores and during its transportation. MEDICO-LEGAL IMPORTANCE OF AGE 3. In addition, phosphine and phosphides have corrosive actions. “Where the death of a woman is caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs otherwise than under normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage and it is shown that soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry, such death shall be called “dowry death 1 ’, and such husband … 92.97%. Expert Opinion. Hospital, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh for autopsy during one year study period. A Classification of Deaths of Medico-legal Importance (A) Deaths froin Anoxic Anoxia: 1. Dr VP Singh. Jaypee publishers. All rights reserved. By the same amendment, sec 113 B had been added to the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. According to Black’s Law Dictionary, term dowry can be defined as the property which a woman brings to her husband in marriage, or the effects which the wife brings to the husband to support the expenses of marriage. There is no antidote to phosphine or metal phosphide poisoning and many patients die despite intensive care. A total of 109 cases of death due to fatal burns were brought for autopsy at a tertiary care centre in Mumbai, India during the period January 2014 to July 2015, were studied. As many as 22 dowry deaths occur in India every day. Chapter 15, p 138. Dowry deaths are found predominantly in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Iran. He had no say, however, in its ultimate disposal; and legally, the dowry had to be kept separate for it was expected to support the wife and her children. A 'burning' topic in India is the burn deaths of young females. Many young newly married females die from burn injuries, the most common reasons given in post-mortem reports therefore being that she caught a light (a) while cooking; (b) after an oil explosion in a stove; or (c) when a chimney fell on her at night. Legal issues in Medical Practice. This tragedy begins shortly after conception and continues until their death. 15.84% cases were labelled as Alleged Dowry Deaths. Other features include disseminated intravascular coagulation, hepatic necrosis and renal failure. The same has to be distinguished from proof and testimony. Phosphine-induced impairment of myocardial contractility and fluid loss leads to circulatory failure, and critically, pulmonary edema supervenes, though whether this is a cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic is not always clear. Actual numbers are not known, but anecdotally about half of the weddings in my family and friend's circles involve dowry. Sometimes, a woman dies naturally but a case is registered under the provision mentioned under Indian Penal Code for “Dowry Death”. Different types of weapons, Dangerous weapons and their examination. Amongst 864 female victims, 467 females were married and 221 females died within seven years of their marriage. But, the purpose for which it was created lost its significance over a period of time and now it has become a tradition followed in many parts of the country. Fake Encounters and Honour Killings: Rarest of Rare Crimes, Disputed term “Group” in Communal Violence Bill, 2011, The Law of Franchise and Distributor Agreements, Classification of Tax Structure in accordance with the Indian Constitution. Layer of legal protection was provided in 2005 under the provision mentioned under Indian Penal Code was also modified 1983! Same amendment, sec 113 B had been added to the bridegroom 's family upon marriage 498-A. 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